What is exalted and debilitated planets according to Vedic astrology?

Exaltation is the placement of a planet in a particular sign elevate the planetary influences to their highest level. This is where the inherent nature (natural signification) of a planet is in perfect harmony with the nature of the Sign. By virtue of being placed in a sign which resonates its own natural virtues the planet feels in high morale, energy, position, exhileration and strength. However, this does not mean that the Planet is likely to act responsibily, in fact, it is like a youngster on dope, in a party; the high energy doesn't guarantee a great experience.

Exaltation is a state of potency, of agreeableness, honour, vanity, confidence and composure. It is then in good dignity and this gives the planet, ability to make sure effect on the house it sits and owns.

Similarly, the polarity to exaltation is observed in the directly opposite sign (and degrees) is the sign of fall (debility), the planet suffers loss of strength and a reduction of potency. This is where the inherent nature (natural signification) of a planet is not in harmony with the nature of the Sign.

It is observable that in the Kaalpurush Chakra (natural zodiac with Aries Lagna), the Signs correspond with the significations of the House numbers. Thus, the reason of debility of planets also correlates to some extent with that of natural house. It can be observed, that typically, a planet fails to give great results in this house of debility of the Kaalpurush Kundali, and, often correspond with the Maranakaraka Sthana of the planet.

Debilitation is the state of uneasiness for a Planet. It is the loss of composure for a planet, and brings awkwardness and agitation to the planets. In such a situation the effects are not always bad for a native, but this loss will have an impact for sure, even if the Planet is a Dusthana lord. If the Planet's nature is incompatible with the energy of the sign it is in, the disharmony leads to weaking of the Planet's sense of honour, so, it gives inadequacy of its natural gifts, its house rulerships as well as house it sits in.

It is as if the planet is inept to deal with the responsibilities thrust upon it, as its skills do not match with the requirements. Its like having to wear a wrong size of shoe. It feels like attending a party of a different ethnicity where you dont know the customs.